Head Injury
Scenario:
Serious head injuries are unusual in helmeted bikers. This means head
injury is more common among pre-teens, although there are plenty of adults who think they
don't need a helmet because they'll never fall down. Also, adults usually fall forward,
where their hands can absorb and control the landing to help protect the head. Kids are
much more likely than adults to fall backwards, which makes head injury much more likely.
Description:
Mountain biking head injury can range from a simple goose-egg to instant death due to
massive brain injury. It all depends on the momentum of the head (the speed with which it
hits) and the hardness of the object it lands on (rock versus sand). You don't need to
injure the scalp to cause brain injury: if the helmeted head is traveling fast enough when
it stops, the brain will slosh against the inside of the skull.
See the doctor if:
- loss of consciousness occurred
- there is confusion or poor memory
- there is severe headache
- there are any deficits: change in vision, one-sided loss of hearing,
etc
- there is repeated vomiting
Scalp lacerations can bleed profusely. Put direct pressure on the laceration (ideally with sterile dressing material, but your bike shirt will do). If continued pressure is needed, tie the cloth into place with a sling (triangular bandage). You may be able to maintain pressure by cinching your bike helmet snugly over a cloth compress.
Watch for:
- persistent or projectile vomiting
- unequal pupil size
- difficulty in arousing the patient
- worsening or continued headache
- severe dizziness
- failure to improve as expected.
